src: improve url error handling for triggered assertions

[wooffie]

Follow up dabb2f5 for two assertion crashes that not considered as security issues

Lets discuss changes and make it great

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/url

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 89.71%. Comparing base (bf452bb) to head (0e28c2d).
⚠️ Report is 15 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_url.cc	50.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #62521   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   89.71%   89.71%           
=======================================
  Files         694      694           
  Lines      214216   214218    +2     
  Branches    41114    41118    +4     
=======================================
+ Hits       192176   192179    +3     
- Misses      14106    14107    +1     
+ Partials     7934     7932    -2     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_url.cc	78.41% <50.00%> (+0.11%)	⬆️

... and 24 files with indirect coverage changes

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