Go(lang)FlutterCAT

Computer adaptive testing (CAT) platform with a Go backend (IRT engine + REST API), an embedded server-rendered HTML frontend (gomponents + htmx), and a Flutter frontend.

When provided, the scoring algorithm marginalizes against a PairwiseOrdinalStacking model for performing "imputation" on unobserved item responses. Doing so keeps the score consistent without assuming that the IRT model is well-specified.

Item Selection Strategies

The following selectors are included:

• Fisher information maximization (greedy)
• Posterior variance minization (greedy)
• "Global information" (greedy)
• KL Divergence (greedy)
• Entropy (stochastic)

The stochastic entropy selector was derived in arXiv:2504.15543 for having the frequentist item sampling statistics correspond to performing Bayesian model averaging in ability space.

Quick Start

Prerequisites

• Go 1.25+
• Flutter SDK 3.11+

Start the Server

go run . server

On startup the server prints:

  Frontend:  http://localhost:19401/
  API Docs:  http://localhost:19401/docs
  Example:   curl http://localhost:19401/instruments

The embedded HTML frontend is served at / — no separate build step, no Node.js, no Flutter SDK required. Just a single Go binary.

Configuration is loaded from backend-golang/config/config-default.yml. Override with environment variables:

PORT=8080 go run . server                # change the listen port
APP_ENV=production go run . server       # load production config

Flutter Frontend (optional)

A richer Flutter frontend is also available:

cd frontend-flutter
flutter pub get
flutter run -d chrome                    # web
flutter run                              # default device

To point the Flutter frontend at a different backend:

flutter run --dart-define=API_BASE_URL=http://192.168.1.10:19401

Bundled Instruments

The backend ships with five embedded instruments — no extra configuration needed:

Instrument	Items	Response Format	Scale
Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)	22	9-point Likert	Right-Wing Authoritarianism
Duckworth Grit Scale	12	5-point Likert	Grit
Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)	40	Binary forced-choice	Narcissism
Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMA)	50	True/False	Anxiety
Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory (WPI)	116	Yes/No	Psychoneurosis

Each instrument includes a MICE Bayesian LOO imputation model for Rao-Blackwellized scoring under non-ignorable missingness. The frontend displays an instrument selector on startup.

API Endpoints

Method	Path	Description
GET	/instruments	List available instruments
GET	/assessment?instrument=X	Assessment metadata (name, description, scales, CAT config)
POST	/session	Create a new CAT session ({"instrument": "grit"})
GET	/session	List active session IDs
GET	/{sid}/item	Get next item (adaptive selection across scales)
GET	/{sid}/{scale}/item	Get next item for a specific scale
POST	/{sid}/response	Submit a response ({"item_name": "Q1", "value": 3})
GET	/{sid}	Get session summary with scores
DELETE	/{sid}	Deactivate session

Defining a New Assessment

An assessment consists of item files (the questions), scale definitions, and a config entry that ties them together.

1. Item Files

Each item is a JSON file with this structure:

{
  "item": "PHQ1",
  "question": "Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you had little interest or pleasure in doing things?",
  "responses": {
    "0": {"text": "Not at all", "value": 0},
    "1": {"text": "Several days", "value": 1},
    "2": {"text": "More than half the days", "value": 2},
    "3": {"text": "Nearly every day", "value": 3}
  },
  "scales": {
    "depression": {
      "discrimination": 2.1,
      "difficulties": [-1.5, 0.3, 1.8]
    }
  }
}

Key fields:

• item: Unique item identifier
• question: The text shown to the respondent
• responses: Map of response options. Each has text (label) and value (numeric score). Use value 0 for a skip option.
• scales: IRT calibration parameters per scale this item loads on.
  • discrimination: How well this item differentiates between ability levels (higher = more discriminating)
  • difficulties: GRM category boundary thresholds. For a k-point response scale, provide k-1 difficulty values in ascending order.

An item can load on multiple scales (cross-loading) by having multiple entries in the scales map.

2. Scale Definitions

Scales are configured in config-default.yml under assessment.scales:

assessment:
  scales:
    depression:
      name: depression
      displayName: "Depression Severity"
      loc: 0        # prior mean (usually 0)
      scale: 1      # prior standard deviation (usually 1)
    anxiety:
      name: anxiety
      displayName: "Anxiety Severity"
      loc: 0
      scale: 1

Alternatively, scales can be loaded from a JSON file (see scalesFile config below), or auto-discovered from item calibrations if no scales are configured.

3. Configuration

Add or modify the assessment section in your config YAML:

assessment:
  name: "PHQ-CAT"
  description: "Computer-adaptive depression and anxiety screening."
  source: directory           # "embedded" for built-in RWAS, "directory" for external items
  itemsDir: /path/to/items    # directory containing item JSON files
  scalesFile: ""              # optional: path to scales JSON file
  scales:
    depression:
      name: depression
      displayName: "Depression"
      loc: 0
      scale: 1
    anxiety:
      name: anxiety
      displayName: "Anxiety"
      loc: 0
      scale: 1

Source options:

• embedded (default): Uses the built-in RWAS item pool. Set variant to factorized or autoencoded.
• directory: Loads item JSON files from the path specified by itemsDir. All .json files in that directory are loaded.

4. CAT Stopping Rules

cat:
  stoppingStd: 0.33        # stop when posterior SD drops below this
  stoppingNumItems: 12     # max items per scale
  minimumNumItems: 4       # min items before stopping is allowed

Putting It Together

1. Prepare your item JSON files (one per item) in a directory
2. Add the assessment config to your YAML config file
3. Start the backend — it will load your items and expose them via the API
4. The Flutter frontend automatically picks up the assessment name, description, and scale labels from GET /assessment

Project Structure

gofluttercat/
├── backend-golang/
│   ├── cmd/                    # CLI entry points
│   ├── config/                 # Configuration (Viper)
│   ├── pkg/
│   │   ├── irtcat/             # Core IRT-CAT engine
│   │   │   ├── grm.go          # Graded Response Model
│   │   │   ├── score.go        # Bayesian scoring
│   │   │   ├── item.go         # Item data structures
│   │   │   ├── session.go      # Session state (Badger DB)
│   │   │   └── ...
│   │   ├── frontend/            # Embedded HTML frontend (gomponents + htmx)
│   │   │   ├── handler.go      # HTTP handlers for frontend routes
│   │   │   ├── layout.go       # Page shell (Pico CSS + htmx CDN)
│   │   │   ├── home.go         # Instrument selection
│   │   │   ├── assessment.go   # Question card, choice buttons
│   │   │   ├── results.go      # Score cards, forest plot (inline SVG)
│   │   │   └── styles.go       # Custom CSS
│   │   ├── web/                # HTTP server and routes
│   │   │   ├── server.go       # App init, multi-instrument loading
│   │   │   ├── routes.go       # Route definitions (usecase pattern → OpenAPI)
│   │   │   └── handlers/       # Request handlers
│   │   ├── math/               # Math utilities
│   │   ├── imputation/         # MICE Bayesian LOO imputation
│   │   ├── simulation/         # Monte Carlo CAT session simulation
│   │   └── {rwa,grit,npi,      # Per-instrument loaders
│   │        tma,wpi}/
│   ├── rwa/                    # Embedded RWA items + imputation model
│   ├── grit/                   # Embedded Grit items + imputation model
│   ├── npi/                    # Embedded NPI items + imputation model
│   ├── tma/                    # Embedded TMA items + imputation model
│   └── wpi/                    # Embedded WPI items + imputation model
├── frontend-flutter/
│   └── lib/
│       ├── models/             # Data models (session, item, score, instrument)
│       ├── services/           # API client
│       ├── providers/          # State management (Provider)
│       ├── screens/            # Home, Assessment, Results
│       └── widgets/            # Likert scale, score gauge, etc.
├── python/                     # Item extraction & model conversion scripts
└── static/                     # Favicon

Testing

# Backend
go test ./...

# Frontend
cd frontend-flutter && flutter test

License

BSD — see source file headers for full notice. Courtesy of the U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.